Understanding of workflow and architecure of application - frappe framework

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Hello Team,

We have installed and run the application on local machine (CentOS 7).
Then created site and applications.

Issue:
We are unable to understand the architecture and usage of files, i.e

    application_name
        config
        public
        template 
        www
        application_name
            doctype
            page
    __init__.py
    hooks.py
    setup.py

What we require:
1) Can you please share the reference link, where I can find all the documentation/ information about listed files/ directories.
2) How to configure custom page into application?
3) UI customization is possible, i.e set prefix $ or % sign before/ after input field, style the view?

This link may help you

Thanks a lot. we are trying to implement changes one by one. If needed we get back to you.